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Insomnia is a pathological condition in which the process of onset and maintenance of sleep is disturbed. Depending on the clinical form of insomnia, there are difficulties falling asleep (presomniac form), disorders during sleep (insomniac form) and after awakening (postsomniac form); there is also a decrease in sleep efficiency, nocturnal awakenings. Diagnosis is made on the basis of physical examination, history taking, and polysomnography. Treatment of insomnia includes compliance with sleep hygiene, prescription of drug therapy, physical therapy, and psychotherapy.